Plumbing emergencies are defined by speed -- the faster you act, the less damage you face. Here's a step-by-step guide for the five most common plumbing emergencies.
Burst or leaking pipe
Immediately shut off the main water supply. Open faucets to drain remaining water from pipes. Move valuables and electronics out of affected areas. Take photos of damage before cleanup. Do not attempt to use the toilet or any fixtures until the plumber assesses the system.
Sewage backup
Stop using all water and fixtures in the home -- every flush and drain call adds to the backup pressure. Do not use chemical drain openers -- they are ineffective for main line backups and can harm the plumber. Ventilate the area (sewage contains harmful gases). This requires a plumber with a camera and hydro-jetting equipment.
No hot water (water heater failure)
For gas water heaters: check that the pilot light is lit. If it went out, relight per the unit's instructions (posted on the unit). If it relights but goes out again, the thermocouple has failed -- service call needed. Electric water heaters: check the circuit breaker. A tripped breaker is a $0 fix. If breaker is fine, an element or thermostat has failed.
Toilet overflowing
Remove the toilet tank lid and push down the flapper -- this stops the flow immediately. If the toilet is still running, turn the shutoff valve (behind and below the toilet) clockwise. Do not flush again until the blockage is resolved. Most toilet clogs clear with a quality flange plunger -- the cup-type plunger sold in drug stores is largely ineffective.
Bottom line
In any plumbing emergency: stop the water first, document damage, then call a plumber. Knowing where your shutoffs are before an emergency is the most valuable preparation you can do.
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