Skipping a permit to save time and money is one of the costliest mistakes a homeowner can make. Unpermitted work can prevent home sales, void insurance, and require costly tear-out and redo. Here's what actually requires a permit.
Almost always requires a permit
These projects require permits in virtually every US jurisdiction:
- ✓Any new electrical circuit or panel work
- ✓Plumbing rough-in (moving or adding supply/drain lines)
- ✓HVAC installation or replacement in most states
- ✓Any structural work (removing walls, adding beams)
- ✓New construction additions
- ✓Decks over 30 inches off the ground
- ✓Roof replacement (most jurisdictions)
- ✓Garage conversions and ADUs
Usually does NOT require a permit
In most jurisdictions these are permit-exempt:
- ✓Like-for-like fixture replacement (faucets, toilets, outlets, switches)
- ✓Painting and flooring
- ✓Cabinet replacement (no plumbing or electrical changes)
- ✓Window replacement in the same opening size
- ✓Drywall repair
- ✓Landscaping (some exceptions for retaining walls)
- ✓Appliance replacement
The gray zone: check with your municipality
These vary significantly by location: fence installation (usually requires permit over 6 feet), water heater replacement (required in many cities), generator installation, window replacement that changes opening size, and solar panel installation. When in doubt, a quick call to your local building department takes 5 minutes.
Why permits actually matter
Permits aren't just bureaucracy. They trigger inspections that catch dangerous work -- mislabeled wiring, undersized structural members, improper venting. Insurance companies can deny claims for losses caused by unpermitted work. When selling, unpermitted additions and improvements often must be disclosed -- and buyers can walk or demand price reductions.
Bottom line
Pull the permit. It costs $50-$500, takes a few days for approval, and protects you legally and financially. A licensed contractor handles permitting as part of the job -- it's a red flag if they suggest skipping it.
Need handyman work done?
Novum sends its own licensed crew. Flat upfront quote before we touch anything.